Calculating machine



c. M. F. FRIDEN lCALCULATING MACHINE original Filed Jan. 4, 1927 Jan. 1j, 1935.

5 Sheets-Sheet 1 'F1'E E Jan. 1, 1935. c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULAT'ING MACHINE Original Filed Jan. 4, 1927 5 Shets-Sheet 2 t E AAS Imlmdwh INVEN TOH Carl wm Arran/1ers Jan. 1, 1935. c. M. F. FRIDEN CALCULAT ING MACHINE Original Filed Jan. 4, 1927 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 lmlmuwm [NVE/Tan v N Carl M. E Irs/den A? Arran/vs'rs Jah. l, 1935. c. M. F. lr---FmnEN CALCULATING MACHINE original Filed Jan. 4, 1927 5y Sh'eetS-Shee'fI 4 lNvENTon Eger: #d Tranen :Exten-LE..

Jan. 1, 1935. c. M. F.. FRIDEN 1,986,193

l GALCULTING MACHINE yoriginal Filed Jam.y 4, 1927 5 sheets-sheet 5 Ill VE Il T01? Car/ M E Fr 'den "Mlj Arran/srs Patented Jen. 1, 193s l l 1,986,193 'PATENT OFFICE Y CALCULATING MACHINE Carl l. F. Friden, Oakland, Calif., asaignor to Marchant Calculating Machine Company, Emeryville, Calif., a corporation of California Application January 4, 1927, Serial No. 158,892

February 5, 1934 31 Claims.

The invention relates to calculating machines' and particularly to 'calculating machines adapted to performthe operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

An object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine which isv automatic in its opera tion to compute problems involving division.

' Another object of the invention is,to provide a calculating machine having a quotient register which is constructed4 and arranged to show the tru'e quotient with means for stopping the actuating means ci' the calculating mechanism so that when the machine is brought to a. stop automatically, the. true gure of the quotient appears in the quotient register.

' Another object of the invention is to provide a calculating machine with means for reversing the, direction of-rot'ation of the actuator, when the machine is employed in solving problems in division, when the ligure disc of the quotient register discloses a iigure one greater than the true quo. tient figure.

Anothernobject of the invention is to provide a calculating machine provided with means for automatically reversing the direction of rotation of the actuating means, when performing problems in division and stopping the actuating "machine at the end ofl one cycle of rotation in the Vreversed direction.

" Another object of the invention is to provide problems in division, is controlled by the depression vof a key, thev depression of the key serving ure.

= to cause rotation of the actuating meansiirst inA one direction and then automatically in the opposite direction, to disclose the true quotient iig- Another object ofthe invention is to provide a calculating machine which when set to perform problems in division, is capable of performing a division without shifting the product regis- 1 ter and is actuated as-follows: Having the dividend entered into the product register with the product register in its unit position, thedivisor is then set on 'the key-board by means of the depressible keys; the minus key is then depressed jand held depressed,which causes rotation of the .main actuator in a subtractive direction. Such subtractivel direction is maintained continuously until an over-draft occurs in the product register at which time .an automatic reversing mechanism, which is controlled by a registering movement of a numeral wheel, reverses the direction -of the main actuator and stops the main actuator upon its rst forward movement, thus producing the correct quotient figure in the quotient register. Y Y

The invention possesses other advantageous features, some of which with the foregoing, will be set forth at length in the following description,

where I shall outline in full that form of the invention which I have selected forV illustration in the drawings' accompanying and forming a part of the present specification. In said drawings, I have shown one embodiment of my invention, but it isto be understood that I do not limit myself to such form, since the invention, as set forth in the claims, may be embodied in a plurality of forms.

Referring to said drawings:

Figure 1 is a rear elevation of 'a calculating machine embodying my invention, parts of the structure being omitted -to more clearly disclose the features of this invention.

Figure 2 is a rear elevation of a calculating machine embodying my invention disclosing other features of the mechanism.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal vertical section through the rear portion of the calculating ma-` chine, showing portions of the mechanism which control the automatic reversal of the actuating means.

Figure 4 is a longitudinal vertical section through the rear portion of a calculating machine, showing the reversal control mechanism in operative position. A

Figure 5 is a fragmentary view of a portion of the actuating means and several of the numeral wheels of the product register, the parts being in the same position asv the corresponding parts in Figure 3.

Figure 6 -is ,a fragmentary view of a portion of the actuating means and a portion of the product register, the parts being in the same position as the corresponding parts in Figure 4.

Figure 7 is a fragmentary view showing the means employed for transmitting motion from` the control lever tothe slide shown in Figures 3 and 4.

Figure 8 is a vertical longitudinal section through a calculating machine embodying my invention showing the means for controlling the starting and stopping of the actuating means.

Figure 9 is a fragmentary rear elevation of the upper portion of the machine showing the operative means for stopping the actuating means.

Figure 10 is a fragmentary view oi' one of the elements of the actuating means showing the construction of the tens carrying pin.

Figure 1l is a longitudinal vertical section through the calculating machine showing the means for manually controlling forward and reverse rotations of the actuating means and also the actuating means for the quotient register.

Figure l2 is a vertical section through a portion of the machine .showing the tens carrying mechanism associated with the quotient register;`

Figure 13 is a horizontal section through the rear portion of the calculating machine showing the driving motzr, the clutch, the reversing gear and the means for actuating the reversing gear.

actuating means. Interposed between the driv` ing motor and the actuating'means is a clutch and a-reversing gear and the control mechanism is associated. with these elements to veffect the starting, stopping and reversal of the actuator.

A control key is provided, which, when depressed,v

causes rotation of the actuator in a direction to perform problems' in addition and a control key is provided in association with the addition key, so that the rotation of the actuatoris limited to one rotation or is permitted to rotate asl long as the addition key i's held depressed. There is also provided a subtraction key, which when depressed, causes rotation of the actuator in the reverse direction, and this key is also associated with the secondcontrol key above mentioned, so that depression of the subtraction key may result in one reverse rotation only of the actuator or may permit the actuator to rotate as llong as the subtraction key is held depressed. The subtraction key is also associated with means, for use in solving problems in division, for automatically reversing the direction of rotation of the actua- .tor upon a certain registering movement of the numeral wheelsand to stop the actuator at the end of one cycle of such reverse movement, such reverse movement being aforward rotation of the actuator. The calculating machine comprises a rotary actuator and a plurality of keys for introducing values into the actuator. The depression of a' key introduces a value corresponding to the numeral on the key, into the rotatable actuator, and rotation of the actuator serves to transfer these values into the counter or register, to effect the calculating operation. The values introduced into the actuator are transmitted, on rotation of the actuator, to the ligure discs of the counting mechanism, which, for the purpose ofi/making direct action of the selected values on the figure discs of highest value possible, is disposed in parallel displaceable relation to the axis of the actuator. The present invention does not relate to the construction of the actuator or to the means for introducing the values into the actuator and therefore such part of the calculating machine will not be described herein.

The present machine includes a suitable framel within which the various instrumentalities of .the calculating machine are arranged. These instrumentalities include'a rotary reversible actuator .2 comprising a series of units 'into which values are introduced by the depression of keys. Each unit is also provided with tens carrying pins (Fig. 8) for transferring values to the numeral wheel oi the counting mechanism of the next higher order. Each unit is provided with two tens carrying pins and the two series of pins on the actuator are arranged in diverging spirals. One series of pins is effective in carrying tens during a forward rotation of the actuator and the other series of pins is effective in carrying tens duringa reverse rotation of the actuator. The values introduced into the actuator by the depression of keys, are transferred, upon rotation of the actuator, in either direction, to the numeral wheels 3 of the counting mechanism, or product register as it is generally known, through the intermediate gears to establish cooperation between any desired numeral wheel and any desired unit of the actuating means. Associated with each counting wheel 3 is a transfer lever 6 which is actuated upon movement of the numeral Wheel forward to or reversely from zero position. This movement ofthe transfer lever 6 is effected by the associated toothed member 7 secured to the numeral wheel.

The actuator is driven by the motor-8 which is preferablycontinuously in rotation during. the operation of .the machine. Interposed between the motor and the actuator is a clutch for connecting and disconnecting the motor from the actuator and a reversing mechanism, whereby the direction of rotation of the'actuator may-be reversed.l The clutch, shown in Figures 11 and 14 embodies a driving shaft 9, suitably connected to the motor shaft and provided on its end with a ratchet pinion 12, which rotates continuously with the motor. J ournalled on the ydriving shaft 9 and enclosing the ratchet pinion 12 is a clutch housing 13 (Fig. 11) within which is pivoted a dog 14 which is adapted to be moved into and out of engagement with the ratchet pinion 12to connect and disconnect the pinion and the housing. The dog or pawl 14 is urged toward engagement with the pinion 12 bythe spring 15. The clutch housing 13 is provided in itsperiphery with anaperture 16 through which a foot 17 on the end of the pa'wl 14 extends, when the pawl is in engagement with the pinion. The pawl is disengaged from the pinion by inward movement of the foot 17 and this is accomplished by means of the clutch control lever 18 which is provided on its end with a foot 19 which, when the lever 18 is released of its restraint is moved into contact with the periphery of the housing 13 by the spring 21 and, as the housing rotates, the foot 19, contacts with the foot, 17, and enters the aperture 16 thereby disengaging the lclutch and locking the clutch housing. The clutch housing is so positioned with respect to the actuator, that when the clutch housing is locked, the actuator is locked in full cycle position. Secured to the clutch housing 13 (Fig. 14) is the hollow stub shaft 23 of the revers- -ing gearing. Journalled on the hollow shaft 23 are two gea-rs 24 and 25, either of which may be directly connected to the hollow shaft, to rotate therewith. Each of the gears 24 and 25 is provided on its inner periphery with an interrupted flange 26, the two flanges being in contact. The hollow shaft 23 is provided with an aperture extending diametrically therethrough, and extending through the aperture is a cross pin 27 which is'adapted to seat in the interruption in either of the flanges 26. The pin 27 is 'of less diameter than the depth of the ilange so that the pin may seat entirely within either flange. The pin is movable transver. ely, in the direction of the axis of the shaft 23, to bring it into engagement with either of the gears 24 or 25, and for this purpose,

the pin 27 is secured to the rod 28 which extends outward from the end of the hollow shaft 23. The interruptions in the flanges 26 are somewhat wider than the diameter of the pin 27to permit the pin to be shifted to reverse the direction of rotation of the actuator, without bringing the actuator to a stop. Meshing with the gear 24 (Fig. 13) is an idler 31 which in turn meshes with a gear 32 which is directly in mesh with the gear 25.',A Therefore, the gear 32 is driven in one direction when the gear 24 is in engagement with the hollow 'shaft 23, and in the opposite direction when the gear25 is in engagement with the hollow shaft 23. Secured to the shaft of the gear 32 is a gear 33, lying on the opposite side ofthe intermediate wall 34 and the gear 33 is connected to the gear 36 on the actuator shaft by the intermediate gear 35. Therefere,.shifting of the pin 27, reverses the direction of rotation of the actuator.

Means are provided for either manually or 'automatically shifting the pin 2'7 to reverse the direction ofrotation of the actuator. Engaging ,a circumferential groove in the outer end of the l rod 28 ls a fork 38 which is attached at its other end to the shifting rod 39 (Fig. 13) which is suitably journalled within the frame of the ma- .chine and which extends through the hollow shaft carrying the transmission gear 41. The fork 38 is held to the rod'39 between the fixed collar l42 and the spring 43 which is in turn held Cpin 2'7 is manually moved by' movement of the rod 39, and is automatically movedby movement of the fork 38 independently of the rod 39.

Manual operation of the reversing gear is effected by the depression and release of the minus key 51 which ispreferably arranged on the key board of the machine. Pivoted within thel machine is a bell crank lever 52 (Fig. 11) which is normally-held in restrained position by the spring 53, and when the lever 52 is in such restrained I position, the reversing mechanism is in position to cause forward rotation of the actuator. One leg of the bell cranklever 52 underlies a pin 54 on the stem of the minus keyV 51 so that when the key 51 is depV thelever 52 is moved against -the restraint of the spring 53. 'I'he lever 52 is connected by means of the link 55 with the lever 56 having a sector shaped cam 5.7 which engages in a slot 58 in the rod 39. Depression of the minus key 51 therefore shifts the rod 39 to cause reverse rotation of the actuator.

Themachlne is also provided with a plus bar 61, depression of which causes forward rotation ofthe actuator. The connection between the motor and the actuator is controlled by the clutch, and the-action of the clutch is controlled by the lever 18 which is normally held in clutch disengaging position by the spring 21. Means are provided whereby the depression of either key 51 or key 61 will rock the lever 18 to move it out of engagement with the clutch housing 13 and permit engagement of the clutch. Pivoted within the frame of the machine is a bell crank lever 62 having an inclined arm 63 underlying a roller 64 on Vthe stem of the key 51 and having asubstantially-vertical arm 65 lying in front of a roller 66 carried by the frame 6'7 of the plus bar The frame 6'( is mounted on links 68 in such manner,'that depression of the plus bar 61 causes forward movement of the roller 66 against A the correct figure.

rection of rotation of the actuator.

bell crank lever 62. Pivoted to the upper end of the arm 65 of the lever 62 is a bar rIlprovided on itsunder side at its rear end with a notch '72 in which a pin '73 on the forward end of the clutch control lever 18 is normally disposed. Therefore, rearward movement of the bar 'Il rocks the lever -18 about its pivot to move it out of engagement with the clutch housing. Release of either of the depressed keys 51 or 6l will cause the clutch lever 18 to again move into engagement with the clutch housing, and other means are provided, independent of the depressed position of the keys 51 and 61 for releasing the lever 18 to cause it to engage the clutch housing. This is accomplished by raising the rear end of the bar '7l to move the notch 72 from engagement with the pin '73 as will be described hereinafter.

Theaalculating machine is also provided with a register or counting mechanism., usually known as the multiplier register or quotient register for indicating directly the proper and correct multiplier or quotient. This register comprises a series of numeral wheels '75 (Fig. l1) each numeral wheel being provided with an intermediate gear '76 and a transfer lever '77. Means are provided for causing a single operation of a selected numeral wheel for each rotation of the, actuator in either direction, and tens carrying means are provided so ,that the register will always show The numeral wheels '75 are actuated in time with the rotation of the actuator, bythe rotatable single toothed member 78 which isxsplined tojthe shaft '79 which is rotatable in time with the actuator. The tens carrying device in the particular embodiment shown, (Figs. 2 and 12) comprises a drum 81 having two series 82 and 83 of tens carrying pins thereon, the pins in the two series being arranged in diverging spirals so that they are reversibly operative upon reverse rotation of the drum. The drum issecured to a shaft 84 journalled in the frame of the machine and the tens carrying pins 82 and 83 cooperate with the transfer levers '7'7 to transfer values to the numeral wheels of the next highest order. 85 which is provided with a collar 86 which is engaged by a fork 8'7 so that the gear 85 mayv be moved longitudinally of the shaft. The gear 85 is coaxial with respect to the gear and is movable axially into mesh'with either the gear 31 or 32. Therefore, the direction of rotation of the drum 81 may be reversed with respect to the di- Secured to the opposite end of the drum shaft 84 is a gear 88 which is connected, through the intermediate gear 89 with the gear 91 secured to the end of the multiplier register actuating shaft 79. Therefore, the direction of rotation of the actuating member '78 is reversed simultaneously with the direction of rotation of the drum 81. The actuating member '78, is adjustable longitudinally of its shaft so that it is disposed in co- Splined to the shaft 84 is a gear operative relation with the selected numeral wheel '75 and for this purpose, the gear is provided with a grooved collar which is engaged by a shifting fork 92 which is mediately connected to the carriage 5, as shown in my copending application, Serial Number 539,422 filed February 27, 1922 so that the member '79 is shifted longitudinally .In a direction opposite to that of the direction of movement of the carriage. 4

In performing operations o f division, the direction of rotation of the member '78A and the drum 8l are reversed with respect tov the direction of ,rotation of the actuator, and means are tending .into this slot is the` cam sector 95 forming part of the shifting lever 96, the 'upper end `of which extends through an aperture in the casing of the machine. When it is desired to .perform problems in division, the shifting lever 96 is moved to itsr backward position as shown in Figures 2 and 8, thereby shifting the gear 85 to cause a reverse direction of rotation of the actuating and tens carrying means associated with the quotient register. A spring pressed ball 97 is provided for holding the rod 94 in either of its shifted positions. Means are provided for preventingthis rod from being shifted when the mechanism is out of full cycle position, this means comprising a disc 98 secured to the shaft 84 and having a notch 99 therein which, when the mechanism is in full cycle position lies in the path of the finger 101 secured to the rod 94. This ringer, on shifting of the rod'from one position to anothermoves from one side of the disc 98 to the other side'and, is movable only when the notch 99 is disposed in its path of movement.

In machines of this character when used in the performance of problems in division, the numeral wheels of the product register, to the left of the wheels being operated upon by the actuator, change sign when an endeavor is madel to divide the divisor into the dividend a greater whole number of times than is possible. Under such conditions, what is known in the art as a transitional carry takes place and the numeral wheel registration changes from a positive to a negative registration' or from a negative to a positive registration. Heretofore, this transitional carry has been utilized either to sound a signal to indicate that the division had proceeded too far or to throw into operation mechanism for stopping the machine. Division is accomplished by a reverse rotation of the actuator and, when a condition of over-division existed the actuator .was then rotated in a forward direction to correct the over-division condition. When the machine was providedwith means for stopping the actuator at the end of the firstv cycle of rotation of over-division, the machine was then manually operated to cause a single forward rotation of the actuator, thus producing the proper number in the product register, and the proper indication in the quotient register. In the present construction the transitional carry is utilized to'eifect the automatic reversal of the direction of rotation of the actuator, Without stopping the actuator, so that the actuator is then givenaforward rotation and is brought to a4 stop at the end of the first cycle of forward rotation. Therefore, in performing problems in division with a machine embodying the present invention, the operator merely holds the minus key 51 depressed until the machine comes to a stop, at which time, thequotient register shows the correct figure. While the key 51 is held depressed the actuator rotates in a reverse direction until there is a change of sign of the registration in the product register and then. the

- actuator is automatically reversed and stops at the end of the first cycle of forward rotation.

Means areprovided which are operative during the reverse rotation of the actuator for reversing or changing to a forward rotation of Aprovided for effecting. this reversal of. direction the actuator when-the numeral Wheel of the next to the highest order within the range of the actuator changes signs. The numeral wheel of highest order is that numeral wheel which is so positioned that it is actuated by the transfer pin on the highest order actuator unit when a transfer is determined. Consequently the numeral wheel of next to highest order is that one' f which is positioned intermediate the two highest actuator units. The rst change of sign of the numeral Wheel of next to highest order in a division operation is from zero to 9. On this change of sign, the toothed element 7 (see Fig'- ures 3 and 4) moves the transfer lever 6 backward from the position shown in Figure 3 to the position shown in Figure 4. During the opera-v tion of division, the actuator rotates in a counter clockwise 'direction as indicated by the arrow. Each unit of the actuator is provided with two tens carrying pins 112 and 113, the pin 112 functioning during a reverse rotation of the actuator and the pin 113 functioning during a forward rotation of the actuator. In Figures 3 and 4 the actuat'or unit at the left hand end of the actuator is shown, and on this unit, the two pins 112 and 113 are fairly close together, but on the successive units, they are spaced apart a greater distance, so that the two series of pins lie in diverging spirals. vided on its rear end with a lip 114 which extends beyond the periphery of the actuator unit, Whenthe transfer lever is in the transferring position shown in Figure 4. The actuator unit- -gear 4 of the counting wheel of the next higher order. In the. present construction, this lateral or transverse movement of the transfer pin 112 which is associated with the numeral wheel of the next to the highest order is used to control the automatic reversal of the direction of rotation of the actuator.

Pivoted on a diametric axis at right angles to the center line of the transfer pin 112, on the actuating unit at the left of the actuator is an oscillating lever 117 which in the present construction is provided with an aperturethrough which the shaft of the actuator extends. The lever 117 is rotated with the actuator and is normally held in the position shown in Figure 5, by the spring 118; interposed between the lever and the actuator. The transfer pin 112 which is normally held in retracted position by the spring 119 (Figure 10) is provided on its side adjacent the oscil- The transfer lever is prolating lever 117 with a projection 121 against which the end of the oscillating lever 117 bears. As the transfer pin 112 is moved transversely by running over the cam 116 on the transfer lever, it imparts its movement to the oscillating lever 117, moving it to the position shown in Figure 6.

Pivoted within thel machine and disposed behind the last actuator unit to the left is a lever 122 which is normally held in retracted position by the spring 123. The upper end of this lever 122 is disposed within the periphery of the actuator unit and is normally out of thev path of the l 1,986,193 -rea'r ena 124 of the emeang lever 117. when the lever 117 is in the position shown in Figure 5, the lever 117 passes, without operating' the lever 122, upon reverse rotation of the actuator. When, however, the lever 117 is moved into the position shown in Figure 6, by the transfer pin 112, the rear end o! the lever 124 contacts with the vupper end of the lever 122 and rocks the latter lever. This rocking movement is instantaneous and occurs only while the transfer pin 112 is traveling over the cam 116 of the transferlever since, when the lever 117 is restored to normal position by the spring 118, the end of the lever 117 is moved transversely out o! contact with the lever 122. When the actuator is in the position shown in Figure 3, the actuator is inl full cycle position and consequently, it follows that the lever 122 is oscillated immediately ybefore the actuator reaches full cycle position.

The lever 122 is provided on its lower end with a wedge shapedvprojection 126 (Figure 7) which extends through'an aperture in a xed plate 127 into an aperture in the slide 128. Movement'of the lever 122 therefore causes instantaneous sliding movement of the slide 128. The slide 128 is connected at itsotherend with a lever 129 which is provided on its other end witha tooth 131 which is in contact with the shifting fork 38. Problems in division are performed by depression of the minus key 51` and when this key is depressed, the shifting fork .38 is shifted to the position shown in Figure 13. Operation oi the lever 122 causes movement of the shifting fork against' the pressure of the spring 43, moving the transverse pin 27 into engagementwlth the collar 26 on the gear 25, thereby reversing the directionf ot rotation of the machine. The actuation oi the lever 122, occursatl full cycle position of the actuator and at such position, the interruption in the two contacting flanges 26on the gears 24 and 25 respectively,- are in alinement, so that the pin 27 may be lshiited from engagement with the gear 24 to engagement with the gear 25. lTheretore, it ls seen that upona change of sign of the numeral wheel of thggrder next to the highest` within the range-of the, actuator, when the -actuator is rotating in-adirection Ato performa problem in division, that the direction oi.' rotation of the actuator isV instantaneously reversed to a forward direction of rotation. During this ops/eration, the -`lclutch is not disengaged v so that the machine is notstopped but continues its` rotations, the only change being an automatic reversal of the direction of rotation of the actuator. This is accomplished without the inter- A vention of the operator `oi the machine.

I shall now describe' the mechanism which I employ for stopping the actuator in full cycle position at theend of the ilrst cycle of reversedl or forward rotation of the actuator. This meeriis effective to release the control bar 71 from the clutch lever 18, thereby permitting the spring 21 .to return the clutch lever 18 to normal position and therebydisengage the clutch and stop the clutch housing. In the present instance, this is eiIected by quickly raising the clutch bar 71 to move the recess 72 from contact with the pin 73, thereby removing the restraining element from-.the` clutch leverand permitting the spring 21 to move said lever. The particular mechanism employed for this Apurpose comprises a lever 135 (Fig-.' 2), fulcrumed on a iixed portion of the machine and having its end 136 extending through vanV aperture 137 in the control bar 71. Upward movement of theend 136 of the lever will disengage Ythe control bar 71 from the clutch control lever 18. f i

The lever 135 comprises part of a lever system consisting of the levers 135 and 138, which are connected together at their adjacent ends. The

lever 138`is also fulcrumed on a fixed portionof the machine, and due to its connection with the lever 135, the two levers move simultaneously. Upward movement of the outer end o; the lever 138 will be accompanied by Nan upward movement of the end 136 of the lever 135, and means are provided for moving the lever- 138 at the proper time to cause the. lever 135 to operate to release the clutch control lever 18.

The actuator comprises a. series of actuator units for transferring values set up therein to the counting wheels of the product register. These actuator units are fully disclosed in'myUnited States Patent Number 1,524,924 o! February 3,

1925. The present machine is provided with an actuator having nine. of these actuating units and is provided at the left of the actuating units with four over-flow actuating units, these overow units comprising discs carrying tens carrying pins for the operation of the tens carrying mechanism. One of these tens carrying units 2a, (Fig. 1) preferably the next to the last unit at the left endA of the actuator,l as viewed from the front of the machine, is chosen to operate the automatic stop mechanism. The actuator unit 2a is provided adjacent its periphery with a laterally extending pin or abutment 142. Arranged within the machine and mounted therein for universalA movement is an operating lever 144 (Fig. 8) which is provided on its upper end vwith atooth 14,5, which, when the actuator is in full cycle position, lies below the pin 142 but' to one side thereof, so that normally,the tooth 145 of the lever is not engaged by the pin 142, upon rotation of the actuator. lThis is the normal inoperative position of the lever 144, when the machine is being used for performing problems in division. The lever 144 is fulcrumed on a stud 146 ami is nella so that thereof-.11 145 thereon lies to one side oi the pin 142 by the spring 147, the lever 144 therefore hasga movement of oscillation in a piane perpendicular to the axis of the stud 146 and also has a movement of oscillation in a plane parallel to the axis of the stud 146, so that the lever 144 has af-restrained, limited universal movement; The tooth 145 onthe upper end of the lever normally lies to one side of the path of the pin 142 and means are providedl for moving vthe lever 144 sidewise to bring the tooth 145 into transfer lever 6, the movement of the transfer pins 112 and 113 mounted oir the next to the lastactuator unit from the right as viewed in Figure 1. Associated with each numeral wheel is a tens carrying lever 6 which cooperates with `the tens carrying pins 1125and'113 on the actuator to eiect movement of the numeral wheel of the next higher order. On the rst reversed or forward cycle of rotation of the actuator, the nu- -meral wheel to the left (Figure 1) of the vvalue selecting actuator unit 2a moves from 9 to zero, changing'its sign character andcausingl movement of the associated transfer lever 6, and such movement .is employed to control the operation of the mechanism ior automatically stopping the machine in iull cycle position.` Arranged on the back of each transfer lever 6 which may be associated with the highest order actuator unit (this being the unit'shown in Figures 3 and 4) is a boss 154 and lying in contact with the boss is the laterally extended end 155 ofthe lever 156. The boss 154 is used for the purpose of taking the wear which might occur at this point and the extended end 155 of the lever 1 56 sis used to insure contact o f the boss with the lever. The lever end 155 does not extend laterally into position behind the transfer lever of the numeral wheel of the next lower orderland is operated only by movement of the transfer lever associated with the'a'ctuator unit of the next to highest order. The end 155 of the lever 156 is held in contact with the boss 154 by the flat spring 157 rigidly secured to the lever 156 and bearing at its lower end against a convenient part of the machine; and consequently movement of the tens carrying lever 6 is accompanied byoscillation of the control lever 156.

' mediately above the inclined surface of the cam (Fig. 2). When the lever 156is rocked on its fulcrum, it moves over the inclined surface of the cam 158, rocking the lever 144 sidewise and bringing the end 145 thereof into the path of the pin 142 so that the end 145 of the lever is struck by the pin, causing the lever 144 to rock on its pivot. During this reversed or forward rotation, the actuator rotates in a clockwise direction so that the pin 142 strikes the. projection 145 on the lever just before the actuator reaches full cycle position, providing suiiicient time for the associated mechanism to operate to stop the actuator in full cycle position. The lower end of the lever 144 is in contact with the under surface of the lever 138 so that as the endf145 of the lever 144 is struck by` the pin and rocked about the axis of the stud 146, the lever S138 vand consequently the'lever 135 is rocked on its pivot raising the clutch control bar '11 and releasing the clutch lever 18, which then drops into engagement with the clutch housing, disengaging the clutch and stopping the clutch housing in full cycle position. Thisl stops'the actuator in full cycle position with the end 145 of the lever 144 positioned in its normal position below the pin 142, as shown in Figures, but to one side of the path thereof, due to the return of the tensv carrying lever 6 to its forward position as vshown in Figure 8. This automatic stopping means is operative only on forward rotation of the actuator, since on reverse rotation of the actuator, the p in 4142 will have moved past the end 145 of the lever 144 before the numeral wheel 3 is`moved by theac'tuator to cause backward movement of the transfer lever.

V Means are provided for moving the automatic stop lever 144 to inoperative position when ciesired. Secured to the shift rod 94 (Figure 2') which is shifted by movement of the lever 96, is a rod 161, which is moved longitudinally with the shifting rod and this rod 161 extends to and engages the lever 144 for the purpose of, rocking such lever sidewise on its pivot. The end of thetion, the lever 144 is rocked sidewise to bring the proiection 145 thereon to the side of the actuator unit remote from the pin 142, 'so that on rotation of the actuator unit, the pin cannot contact with the automatic stop lever 144.

It is thus seen that in this machine when the sign of the numeral wheels at the left of the register change from zero to 9, that such change of sign causes the operation of automatic mechanism for reversing the direction of rotation of the actuator, that is changing its direction of rotation from a reverse rotation to afforward rotation. During the first cycle of such forward rotation, the numeral wheels at the left of the register again change sign from 9 to zero and such change ofv sign causes the operation of a control lever which moves an actuating lever into position to be moved by the actuator to stop the machine in full cycle position at the end of the first cycle of forward rotation. In performing problemsin division, the operator first enters the dividend into the register arranged on the car- :riage which is usually termed the product register. The keyboard is then cleared and the divisor is then entered therein. The quotient register is cleared and the minus key is depressed and held depressed until the machine comes to a stop, at which time the correct figure is shown in the quotient register. 'I'he machine is not stopped at the time of over-registration in the quotient register but continues to operate, reversing its direction ofvrotation and coming to aY stop only when theproper figure is shown in the quotient register.

It should be noted that the capacity of the product register must exceed the capacity of the actuator by one order so that with the register carriage in its extreme lefthand position, as viewed in Figure 1, numeral wheels and their associated transfer levers will at all times be in cooperative relation with'the two highest actuator units. y

1; In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle-of operation, means controlled by movement of the numeral wheel of next to highest order from zero to 9 for reversing the direction of movement of the actuating means and means controlled by the subsequent movement of the numeral wheel of the third to highest order from -9 to `zero for stopping the actuating means.

wheels, actuating means therefor having a re-v versible cycle of operation, and means operative only during subtractive lmovement of the actuating means and controlled by the movement ofthe numeral wheel of next to the highest order from zero to 9 for reversing the direction of movement ofthe actuating means.

4; In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor having a rei ible gearing between the operating device and the actuating means, and means operative in time with the movement of the numeral wheel of the next to the highest order from zero to 9 to actuate the reversing gearing to reverse the direction of movement of the actuating means while the clutch is maintained in engagement.

5. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral Wheels actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, an operating device for the actuating means, a clutch and reversing gearing between the d operating device and the actuating means, means for causingVengagement of the clutch, means operative in time with the movement of the numeral wheel ofthe next to the highest order from zero to 9 for actuating the reversing gearing to reverse the direction of movement of the actuating means and means controlled by the movement of the third to the highest order numeral wheel from 9 to zero for disengaging the clutch. i

6. lIn a calculating machine, reversible numeral Wheels, actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, an operating device for the actuating means, a control key, means Operative by the depression of the control key for causing the operating device to drive the actuating means in a reverse direction and means operative -in .time with the movement of the numeral .wheel of the next to highest order from zero to 9 for causing movement of the actuating means in aforward direction.

'TJ In a'. calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, means operative during reverse movement of the actuating means and in time with the movement of the numeral wheel of the next to the highest order from zero to 9 to reverse the direction of movement of the actuating means'l to forward movement and means operative during forward movement of the actuating means and controlled by movement of the numeral wheel of third to highest order from 9 to zero for stopping the actuating means.

8. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating/ means therefor having a reversible cycle'of operation, anoperatingcdevice for the actuating means, a -clutchinterposed between the operating device and the actuatingw means, a control key which when held depressed maintains the clutch in engagement, means operative in time with the movement of the nu-l meral wheel of the next to the highest order from zero to 9 for reversing the direction of movement of the actuating means and control means operi able by a registering movement of the third to 'the highest order numeral wheel from 9 to o for disengaging the clutch and stopping the actuator while said key is held depressed.

9.' In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor having .a reversible cycle of operation, a minus key which when-held depressed causes continuous rotation of the actuating means in the subtraction direction and means controlled by a registiing movement of the numeralwheel of the next to highment of the numeral wheel of the next to highest order for reversing the direction of rotation of the actuating means while said key is held depressed and means operated by the reverse rotation of the actuating means for stopping the actuating means.

11. In a calculating machine,Y reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, tens carrying elements associated with vsaid. numeral wheels, means controlled by one of said tens carrying elements for reversing the direction of rotation of the actuating meansf and means controlled by one of said tens carrying elements independently of the carriage position for stopping the actuating means. A

12. In a calculating machine, reversible'nutor and the actuating means, reversing gearing between the motor and the actuating means, a control key, means operative by the depression of thecontrol key for unlocking and engaging the clutch and shiftingthe reverse .gearing to cause reverse rotation of the actuating means, devices operable upon passage of the next to the highestorder numeral wheel reversely from zero position for shifting the reverse gear to cause forward rotation of the actuating means and devices operable upon the subsequent passage of the third to the highestA order numeral wheel forwardly to zero position to disengage and lock the clutch.

14. In a calculating machine, reversiblenu: meral wheels, actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, 'an oscillating member carried by and rotating with the actuating means, means operable by said member on reverse rotation of the actuating means for reversing the direction of rotation of the actuating means and means operable upon passage of the next to the highest order numeral wheel reversely` from zero position for moving said oscillating member to operative position.

15. In acalculating machine. reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, a transfer lever lassociated with the next to the highest order numeral wheel, a tens carrying pin associated i with the actuating means for the highest order numeral wheel and means operative by move- 4ment of said pin caused by contact with said lever,

for reversing the direction of rotation of the actuating means. Q

16. In a calculating machine, reversible nu- .said wheels having a reversible cycle `of operation, means for rotating said actuating means, reversing gearing between said actuating means and rotating means and control means for said reversing/gearing carried by said actuating means and associated with the tens carrying element numeral wheel.

1'7. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, means for rotating the actuating means, a clutch interposed between the rotating means and the actuating means, reversing gearing interposed between the rotating means and the actuating means, a key manually depressible to position the gearing to cause reverse rotation of the actuating means and to cause engagement of the clutch and manually releasable to cause disengagement of the clutch, means operated by registering movement of a numeral wheel on reverse rotation of the actuating means for shifting the reversing gearing to cause' forward rotation of the actuating means and means operative during the firstV cycle of forward' meral wheels, actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, transfer levers associated with said numeral wheels means controlled by the transfer lever associated with the next to the highest order numeral wheel during reverse rotation of the actuating means for changing the direction of rotation thereof and means controlled by the transfer lever associated with the next to the highest order actuator unit for stopping the actuating means at the en d ofthe first cycle of the resultant, forward rotation ofthe actuating means.

19. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral Wheels, a reversible, rotary actuator therefor, means for initiating one or more cycles of reversed operation of the actuator in the performance of calculations, automatically4 operating control means for reversing the cycle of operation of the actuator in a direction opposite to the cycle of operation caused by said initiating means, means for stopping the actuator in full cycle position, including settable control means forsaid stopping means arranged to be actuated during the first cycle of said reversed operation of the actuator. f Y

20. In a motor driven calculating machine, Inumeral wheels, an actuator therefor ha'vinga reversible cycle of operation, means operable in the calculation of problems in division for reversing the direction of movement of the actuator by movement of the numeral wheels in an overdraft registration and means for locking the actuator in full cycle position at the end of the first cycle,

and means operable on the release and actuation of the controlling member to hold the stopping means in inactive position. f l

' 22.r In a calculating machine, numeral wheels, actuating means therefor having a reversible cycle of operation, an operating device for the actuating means, a reversing transmission between said operating device and said actuating means, and means controlled by movement of the numeral wheel of nextto highest order in an overdraft registration for controlling said reversing transmission.

23. In a calculating machine, rotatable Aactuating mechanism, reversing mechanism normally biased to transmit drive in one direction to the,

registering mechanism therefrom, means for biasing said mechanism to transmit drive inxthe opposite direction, and means for superseding said second biasing means. Q

' 24. 'In a calculating machine, rotatable actuating mechanism, reversing mechanism normally biased to transmit'drive in one direction to the registering mechanism therefrom, means for biasing said mechanism to transmit drive in the opposite direction, normally disabled means for superseding said second biasing means, and means for enabling said means concurrently with said second biasing means. 1

25. In a motor driven calculating machine numeral wheels, an actuator therefor, means for reversing the direction of drive of said numeral wheels, means for biasing said reversing means to subtractive position, and means controlled by said numeral wheels for superseding said biasing means.

26. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor, means operable in response to a transitional carry for reversing the direction of operation of said numeral wheels by said actuating means, and other means-operable in response to a second transl`l tional carry for stopping said actuating means.

27. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor, means drive the numeral wheels subtractively, and.

means operative in time with movement of the numeral wheel of the next to highest order from zero to nine, for causing the operating device to drive the numeral wheels additively..

29V. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor, an operating device for the actuating means, a control key, means operative by the depression of the control key for causing the operating -device to drive the numeral wheels subtractively, and

means operative-in time with movement of a nukmeral wheel below the highest order from z ero to nine, for causing the operating device to drive the numeral wheels additively. l

30. In a calculating machine, reversible numeral wheels, actuating means therefor, and -means controlled by movement of the numeral wheel of the next to the highest order from zero to nine for reversing the direction of operation of said numeral wheels by said actuating means.

. 31. In a calculating machine, reversible nu- 'meral wheels, actuating means. therefor, `and means ccntrolled by movement of a numeral wheel below the highest order from zero to' nine for reversing the direction of operation ofsaid numeral wheels by said actuating means.

CARL 'NIL F. FRIDEN. 

